A
computer is an electronic device
that receives or accepts data through as input device, and processing the data
into meaningful information and send as a result through as output device.
Either soft copy or hard copy. It operates on three basic principles: INPUT, PROCESS AND OUPTPUT. A computer
may also be defined as a device that works under the control of stored
programs, automatically accepting, storing and processing data into.
A computer is a programmable
machine. It allows the user to store all sorts of information and then
‘process’ that information, or data, or carry out actions with the information,
such as calculating numbers or organising words.
What is Processing: Processing: is the act of converting data
into the desired form. Processing
operations are determined by programs stored in the computer system.
Programs are instructions written in a computer language that determines the
task to be executed/carried out on data. Processing in the computer is the same
as in humans except that it is much faster than humans.
What is Data? Data is referred to as the basic
facts about the activities of a business or personal information that needs to
be worked on or processed. Data are entered into the computer through the input
device.
What is
Information? Information
is the end result of processing, or it is the collection of processed data.
Information is obtained by assembling items of data into a meaningful form e.g.
payroll, invoice, financial statement/reports etc.
Computer: A machine that
can receive and store information and change or process it.
The Parts a Computer
1.
The Computer
2.
The Monitor
3.
The Mouse
4.
The Floppy Diskette Drive
5.
The CD-ROM Drive
6.
Peripherals
The Actual Computer
The Monitor
The Computer Monitor is the computer user's
window into the workings of the computer. It consists of a television
picture tube that had been modified to accept the type of video signal created
by the computer's electronics. Conventional televisions can be used as
computer monitors if a translation device is used to connect them. The
picture quality leaves something to be desired.
The Keyboard
The Keyboard is the primary input device used
to communicate with the computer. A computer keyboard closely resembles a
conventional typewriter keyboard with the addition of numerous keys that are
used specifically for computing functions.
The Mouse
Named for the resemblance of the wire coming
out of it and a mouse's tail, the mouse was introduced to computing in the
early 1980's when Macintosh created its graphical user interface (GUI).
The mouse is another input device used to point at objects on the computer
monitor and select them. Using the mouse and keyboard in combination allows
the computer user substantial latitude in how to accomplish a wide variety of
tasks.
The Floppy Diskette Drive
Once the most advanced of storage devices,
floppy diskettes are normally used a temporary storage containers or
transportation media for data. A standard floppy diskette can hold 1.44
MB of computer data. This amounts to a rather large number of pages if
translated to the paper standard for textual information. Computer
diskettes are not as reliable or fast as the internal storage drives on the
computer. They are also the primary vector of virus infection in the
computer world.
The CD-ROM Drive
This modern miracle gained prominence in the
late 1980's and has become the primary distribution medium for software to
consumers. The Compact Disk-Read Only Memory (CD-ROM) disk itself is a
collection of concentric circles containing millions of pits and plateaus which
correspond to on/off bits of data. The disk is read with an optical
laser similar to the one used to scan your groceries at the supermarket.
Most disks of this kind are "Read Only" meaning that the computer can
retrieve information from the disk, but cannot place information on it.
New developments have improved this technology to allow writing and rewriting
data to the disk. A different kind of hardware mechanism is needed to
employ this innovation.
Computer Peripherals
Computer peripherals are any electronic
devices that can be hooked up to a computer other than the standard
input-output devices (monitor, keyboard, mouse). Peripheral devices include
speakers, microphones, printers, scanners, digital cameras, plotters, and
modems. Peripherals often require special software packages called
"drivers". These drivers are usually included with the peripheral
at purchase time.
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